Essay 1: Tuesday, April 22, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Essay 2: Tuesday, May 6, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Essay 3: Tuesday, May 20, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In addition to your annotated essays, a short synthesis essay is due on Tuesday, June 10, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n There is so much to read on this subject\u2014way more than we can fit in one quarter! This assignment encourages you to keep reading along paths that interest you by asking you to select four of the following readings to annotate yourself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n You should aim for between 10 and 20 annotations per essay. Referring to the annotation types described here<\/a>, one of the annotations should give context<\/strong>, one should be a comment<\/strong>, and the rest may be distributed among the other categories described on the page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you’d like to receive 100% for this assignment, you should fulfill all of the requirements for four essays. For 90%, you should fulfill requirements for three essays; 80%, two essays; 70%, one essay; and for 0, none of the essays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Abdilla, Angie, Noelani Arista, Kaipulaumakaniolono Baker, Scott Benesiinaabandan, Michelle Brown, Melanie Cheung, Meredith Coleman, et al. \u201cIndigenous Protocol and Artificial Intelligence Position Paper,\u201d 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11573\/SPECTRUM.LIBRARY.CONCORDIA.CA.00986506<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Adair, Cassius. \u201cLicensing Citizenship: Anti-Blackness, Identification Documents, and Transgender Studies.\u201d American Quarterly<\/em> 71, no. 2 (2019): 569\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/aq.2019.0043<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ajunwa, Ifeoma. \u201cThe \u2018Black Box\u2019 at Work.\u201d Big Data & Society<\/em> 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 2053951720966181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951720938093<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Akbari, Azadeh. \u201cThe Politics of Data Justice: Exit, Voice, or Rehumanisation?\u201d Information, Communication & Society<\/em> 0, no. 0 (n.d.): 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2024.2437015<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bennett, Cynthia L., and Os Keyes. \u201cWhat Is the Point of Fairness? Disability, AI and the Complexity of Justice.\u201d ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing<\/em>, no. 125 (March 2, 2020): 5:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386296.3386301<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bivens, Rena. \u201cThe Gender Binary Will Not Be Deprogrammed: Ten Years of Coding Gender on Facebook.\u201d New Media & Society<\/em>, December 27, 2015, 1461444815621527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444815621527<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bolukbasi, Tolga, Kai-Wei Chang, James Y Zou, Venkatesh Saligrama, and Adam T Kalai. \u201cMan Is to Computer Programmer as Woman Is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings.\u201d In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems<\/em>, Vol. 29. Curran Associates, Inc., 2016. https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2016\/hash\/a486cd07e4ac3d270571622f4f316ec5-Abstract.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Braun, Matthias, and Patrik Hummel. \u201cData Justice and Data Solidarity.\u201d Patterns<\/em> 3, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 100427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patter.2021.100427<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Brilmyer, Gracen, and Crystal Lee. \u201cTerms of Use: Crip Legibility in Information Systems.\u201d First Monday<\/em>, January 16, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/fm.v28i1.12935<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Brown, Nicole M., Ruby Mendenhall, Michael L. Black, Mark Van Moer, Assata Zerai, and Karen Flynn. \u201cMechanized Margin to Digitized Center: Black Feminism\u2019s Contributions to Combatting Erasure within the Digital Humanities.\u201d International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing<\/em>, March 9, 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3366\/ijhac.2016.0163<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Browne, Jude. \u201cAI and Structural Injustice: A Feminist Perspective.\u201d In Feminist AI<\/em>, edited by Jude Browne, Stephen Cave, Eleanor Drage, and Kerry McInerney, 1st ed., 328\u201346. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780192889898.003.0019<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buolamwini, Joy, and Timnit Gebru. \u201cGender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification.\u201d In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency<\/em>, 77\u201391. PMLR, 2018. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v81\/buolamwini18a.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Carroll, Stephanie Russo, Desi Rodriguez-Lonebear, and Andrew Martinez. \u201cIndigenous Data Governance: Strategies from United States Native Nations.\u201d Data Science Journal<\/em> 18, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/dsj-2019-031<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chan, Anita Say. \u201cIntroduction: Predatory Data: Civic Amputations in the Global Data Economy.\u201d In Predatory Data: Eugenics in Big Tech and Our Fight for an Independent Future<\/em>, 1\u201328. University of California Press, 2025. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/jj.20829414.4<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cheney-Lippold, John. \u201cCategorization: Making Data Useful.\u201d In We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves<\/em>. New York: New York University Press, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Christie, Michael. \u201cComputer Databases and Aboriginal Knowledge.\u201d International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts<\/em> 1 (2004): 4\u201312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cCivil Rights, Big Data, and Our Algorithmic Future.\u201d Washington, D.C.: Upturn. Accessed March 25, 2025. https:\/\/bigdata.fairness.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/2015-04-20-Civil-Rights-Big-Data-and-Our-Algorithmic-Future-v1.2.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Costanza-Chock, Sasha. \u201cDesign Justice, A.I., and Escape from the Matrix of Domination.\u201d Journal of Design and Science<\/em>, July 16, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21428\/96c8d426<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n #DataBack: Asserting & Supporting Indigenous Data Sovereignty. \u201c#DataBack: Asserting & Supporting Indigenous Data Sovereignty.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2022. https:\/\/databack.animikii.com\/index<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dencik (Lina), and Sanchez-Monedero (Javier). \u201cData Justice.\u201d Info:eu-repo\/semantics\/article. Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society gGmbH, January 14, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14763\/2022.1.1615<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dencik, Lina, and Sanne Stevens. \u201cRegimes of Justification in the Datafied Workplace: The Case of Hiring.\u201d New Media & Society<\/em> 25, no. 12 (2023): 3657\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448211052893<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duarte, Marisa Elena, and Miranda Belarde-Lewis. \u201cImagining: Creating Spaces for Indigenous Ontologies.\u201d Cataloging & Classification Quarterly<\/em> 53, no. 5\u20136 (July 4, 2015): 677\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01639374.2015.1018396<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gaboury, Jacob. \u201cBecoming NULL: Queer Relations in the Excluded Middle.\u201d Women & Performance<\/em> 28, no. 2 (July 19, 2018). https:\/\/www.womenandperformance.org\/bonus-articles-1\/jacob-gaboury-28-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gebru, Timnit, and Remi Denton. \u201cBeyond Fairness in Computer Vision: A Holistic Approach to Mitigating Harms and Fostering Community-Rooted Computer Vision Research.\u201d Accessed December 16, 2024. https:\/\/cdn.sanity.io\/files\/wc2kmxvk\/revamp\/79776912203edccc44f84d26abed846b9b23cb06.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Green, Ben. \u201cData Science as Political Action: Grounding Data Science in a Politics of Justice.\u201d Journal of Social Computing<\/em> 2, no. 3 (September 2021): 249\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/JSC.2021.0029<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guiliano, Jennifer, and Laura Estill. \u201cWhat Gets Categorized Counts: Controlled Vocabularies, Digital Affordances, and the International Digital Humanities Conference.\u201d Digital Scholarship in the Humanities<\/em> 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1088\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqac091<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hancox-Li, Leif, and I. Elizabeth Kumar. \u201cEpistemic Values in Feature Importance Methods: Lessons from Feminist Epistemology.\u201d In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency<\/em>, 817\u201326. Virtual Event Canada: ACM, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442188.3445943<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hoffmann, Anna Lauren. \u201cWhere Fairness Fails: Data, Algorithms, and the Limits of Antidiscrimination Discourse.\u201d Information, Communication & Society<\/em> 22, no. 7 (June 7, 2019): 900\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1573912<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hurley, Mikella, and Julius Adebayo. \u201cCredit Scoring in the Era of Big Data.\u201d Yale Journal of Law and Technology<\/em> 18 (2016). https:\/\/openyls.law.yale.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.13051\/7808\/Hurley_Mikella.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIntroduction: The New Jim Code.\u201d In Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code \/ Ruha Benjamin.<\/em>, 1\u201348. Cambridge, UK\u202f; Polity, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jameson, Shazade, Linnet Taylor, and Merel Noorman. \u201cData Governance Clinics: A New Approach to Public-Interest Technology in Cities.\u201d Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Johnson, Jessica Marie. \u201cMarkup Bodies: Black [Life] Studies and Slavery [Death] Studies at the Digital Crossroads.\u201d Social Text<\/em> 36, no. 4 (137) (December 1, 2018): 57\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/01642472-7145658<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kalluri, Pratyusha Ria, William Agnew, Myra Cheng, Kentrell Owens, Luca Soldaini, and Abeba Birhane. \u201cThe Surveillance AI Pipeline.\u201d arXiv, October 17, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2309.15084<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kennedy, Loraine, Ashima Sood, Debdatta Chakraborty, and Ram Mohan Chitta. \u201cInterrogating Data Justice on Hyderabad\u2019s Urban Frontier: Information Politics and the Internal Differentiation of Vulnerable Communities.\u201d Information, Communication & Society<\/em> 25, no. 9 (July 4, 2022): 1273\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2020.1851388<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Keyes, Os. \u201cThe Misgendering Machines: Trans\/HCI Implications of Automatic Gender Recognition.\u201d Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction<\/em> 2, no. CSCW (November 1, 2018): 88:1-88:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3274357<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kraft, Angelie, and Elo\u00efse Soulier. \u201cKnowledge-Enhanced Language Models Are Not Bias-Proof: Situated Knowledge and Epistemic Injustice in AI.\u201d In The 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency<\/em>, 1433\u201345. Rio de Janeiro Brazil: ACM, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3630106.3658981<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kyvernitou, Ioanna, and Antonis Bikakis. \u201cAn Ontology for Gendered Content Representation of Cultural Heritage Artefacts.\u201d Digital Humanities Quarterly<\/em> 11, no. 3 (2017). http:\/\/www.digitalhumanities.org\/dhq\/vol\/11\/3\/000316\/000316.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Madden, Mary, Michele E. Gilman, Karen Levy, and Alice E. Marwick. \u201cPrivacy, Poverty and Big Data: A Matrix of Vulnerabilities for Poor Americans.\u201d SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, March 9, 2017. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=2930247<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mateescu, Alexandra, and Aiha Nguyen. \u201cExplainer: Workplace Monitoring & Surveillance.\u201d New York, NY: Data & Society, February 2019. https:\/\/datasociety.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/DS_Workplace_Monitoring_Surveillance_Explainer.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meyerend, Daniel. \u201cThe Algorithm Knows I\u2019m Black: From Users to Subjects.\u201d Media, Culture & Society<\/em>, December 7, 2022, 01634437221140539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01634437221140539<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Miceli, Milagros. \u201c\u00adData Work and Its Layers of (In)Visibility.\u201d MediaWell, Social Science Research Council, September 6, 2023. https:\/\/just-tech.ssrc.org\/articles\/data-work-and-its-layers-of-invisibility\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Moura, Ian. \u201cEncoding Normative Ethics: On Algorithmic Bias and Disability.\u201d First Monday<\/em>, January 16, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/fm.v28i1.12905<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mullen, Lincoln A. \u201cLynching, Visualization, and Visibility.\u201d The Journal of Southern Religion<\/em> 17 (2015). http:\/\/jsreligion.org\/issues\/vol17\/mullen.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cNature and Space.\u201d In Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed<\/em>, 9\u201352. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Newman-Griffis, Denis, Jessica Sage Rauchberg, Rahaf Alharbi, Louise Hickman, and Harry Hochheiser. \u201cDefinition Drives Design: Disability Models and Mechanisms of Bias in AI Technologies.\u201d First Monday<\/em>, January 16, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5210\/fm.v28i1.12903<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Patterson, Sarah. \u201cToward Meaning-Making in the Digital Age: Black Women, Black Data and Colored Conventions.\u201d Common-Place<\/em> 16, no. 1 (Fall 2015): n.p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pittman, John P. \u201cDouble Consciousness.\u201d In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/em>, edited by Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman, Summer 2024. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2024. https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/sum2024\/entries\/double-consciousness\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Powles, Julia. \u201cThe Seductive Diversion of \u2018Solving\u2019 Bias in Artificial Intelligence.\u201d OneZero<\/em> (blog), December 7, 2018. https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/the-seductive-diversion-of-solving-bias-in-artificial-intelligence-890df5e5ef53<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Redden, Joanna, Dencik ,Lina, and Harry and Warne. \u201cDatafied Child Welfare Services: Unpacking Politics, Economics and Power.\u201d Policy Studies<\/em> 41, no. 5 (September 2, 2020): 507\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01442872.2020.1724928<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ruppert, Evelyn, Engin Isin, and Didier Bigo. \u201cData Politics.\u201d Big Data & Society<\/em> 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951717717749<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sadowski, Jathan. \u201cData.\u201d In The Mechanic and the Luddite<\/em>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00e6tra, Henrik Skaug, and Evan Selinger. \u201cTechnological Remedies for Social Problems: Defining and Demarcating Techno-Fixes and Techno-Solutionism.\u201d Science and Engineering Ethics<\/em> 30, no. 6 (December 2, 2024): 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00524-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Solano, Joan Lopez, Aaron Martin, Franklyn Ohai, Siddharth de Souza, and Linnet Taylor. \u201cDigital Disruption or Crisis Capitalism?\u201d Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, May 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stevens, Nikki, and Os Keyes. \u201cSeeing Infrastructure: Race, Facial Recognition and the Politics of Data.\u201d Cultural Studies<\/em> 35, no. 4\u20135 (September 3, 2021): 833\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09502386.2021.1895252<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stone, Deborah. \u201cThe 2017 James Madison Award Lecture: The Ethics of Counting.\u201d PS: Political Science & Politics<\/em> 51, no. 1 (January 2018): 7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1049096517001767<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U.S. PIRG Education Fund. \u201cTrouble in Toyland 2023,\u201d November 16, 2023. https:\/\/pirg.org\/edfund\/resources\/trouble-in-toyland-2023\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Viljoen, Salom\u00e9. \u201cA Relational Theory of Data Governance.\u201d Accessed March 25, 2025. https:\/\/www.yalelawjournal.org\/feature\/a-relational-theory-of-data-governance<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Weitzberg, Keren, Margie Cheesman, Aaron Martin, and Emrys Schoemaker. \u201cBetween Surveillance and Recognition: Rethinking Digital Identity in Aid.\u201d Big Data & Society<\/em> 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 20539517211006744.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Widder, David Gray, and Dawn Nafus. \u201cDislocated Accountabilities in the \u2018AI Supply Chain\u2019: Modularity and Developers\u2019 Notions of Responsibility.\u201d Big Data & Society<\/em> 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 20539517231177620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20539517231177620<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Deadlines Essay 1: Tuesday, April 22, 2025 Essay 2: Tuesday, May 6, 2025 Essay 3: Tuesday, May 20, 2025 Essay 4: Tuesday, June 3, 2025 This assignment is canceled! 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However, you are welcome to use this as an opportunity to make up for any annotation assignment you’ve missed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Grading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Possible essays<\/h2>\n\n\n\n